The cannabis industry is evolving beyond the emphasis on the major cannabinoids, THC and CBD. As researchers dig deeper into the plant’s complex chemistry, they’re finding that the so-called minor cannabinoids may play a significant role in both wellness and recreational effects. From sleep and inflammation to energy and mood, these lesser-known compounds are showing promise, and savvy consumers are starting to ask for them by name.
Growers, breeders, and extractors are taking notice. Products formulated with cannabinoids like CBG, CBN, or THCV are appearing on more dispensary shelves, and the U.S. market for minor cannabinoids already topped $11.5 billion in 2023, with projected growth of ~15% annually through 2030, according to Grand View Research. Cannabis genetics will evolve to meet this growing demand, starting with stable cannabis seeds that can express these rare compounds reliably.
What Are Minor Cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are the active chemical compounds found in cannabis that interact with your body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). While THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) are the most well-known and abundant, the cannabis plant produces over 100 additional cannabinoids in smaller quantities. These are collectively referred to as minor cannabinoids.
Some minor cannabinoids form early in the plant’s development, while others are created through enzymatic changes as the plant ages, cures, or degrades. For example:
- CBG (Cannabigerol) is often called the “mother cannabinoid” because it’s a precursor to THC, CBD, and CBC.
- CBN (Cannabinol) forms as THC ages and oxidizes, often found in older or improperly stored bud.
- THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin) is a structural analog of THC, with unique effects and emerging interest for metabolic benefits.
Unlike THC, which is the prominent cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive effects, or CBD, which modulates those effects and calms the body, minor cannabinoids often have targeted effects, and many don’t produce any intoxicating effect at all. That’s what makes them exciting for both wellness applications and selective breeding.
Key Minor Cannabinoids and Their Effects
While research is still evolving, several minor cannabinoids show strong therapeutic potential—often with specific effects distinct from THC and CBD. Here’s a quick look at some of the most promising:
- CBG (Cannabigerol): Known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, CBG is emerging as one of the most versatile minor cannabinoids. A 2023 review published in Molecules and by the NIH explores CBG’s broad pharmacological potential, noting its action in models of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and bacterial infection, suggesting roles in gastrointestinal disorders, glaucoma, bacterial infections, and more.
- CBN (Cannabinol): Commonly marketed as a sleep aid, CBN is mildly psychoactive and forms as THC degrades. It’s being explored for its sedative and muscle-relaxing effects.
- THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin): Sometimes called “diet weed,” THCV may suppress appetite and support metabolic health. An article published in Business Insider suggests that THCV has “appetite-suppressing properties” with less psychoactive effects, in both animal and early human studies.
- CBC (Cannabichromene): An emerging compound linked to mood regulation and brain function. Early research suggests it may promote neurogenesis and act as an anti-inflammatory. A 2023 study, “Cannabichromene Induces Neuronal Differentiation in NSC-34 Cells,” shows that CBC can influence neuronal differentiation in neural stem-cell models, which suggests a role in brain development and function.
- CBDV (Cannabidivarin): A close cousin to CBD, CBDV is being studied for its potential to reduce seizures and support neurological conditions like autism spectrum disorder. A review titled “Therapeutic potential of cannabidivarin for epilepsy and autism” outlines how CBDV is being investigated as a promising compound for managing epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A recent Phase 2 randomized controlled trial evaluated CBDV as an add-on therapy for adults with focal seizures; while the primary efficacy endpoint wasn’t conclusively met, the study acknowledges that CBDV’s neuromodulatory potential is still under investigation.
Each of these compounds works with the body’s endocannabinoid system in unique ways. When combined, they contribute to the entourage effect, the theory that cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically to enhance the therapeutic potential of the plant as a whole. Learn more about the entourage effect and Terpenes: The Flavorful Foundation of Cannabis.
Minor Cannabinoid Benefits: Exploring the Rise of CBG, CBN, THCV, and More
Breeding for minor cannabinoids is far more complex, however, than chasing THC percentages. These compounds often occur in trace amounts, and consistent expression requires:
- Strong parental genetics
- Controlled growing environments
- Advanced cannabinoid testing for phenotype selection
That’s why the movement toward “cannabinoid-specific” cultivation is gaining traction among serious growers, and why working with a trusted seed source is more important than ever. Mosca Seeds provides the genetic foundation for those looking to stay ahead of the curve. Whether you’re cultivating for wellness, unique effects, or research, starting with high-quality seeds is the first step toward unlocking the full therapeutic spectrum of cannabis.
The Future of Cannabis Breeding: Prioritizing Minor Cannabinoids
As more consumers turn to cannabis for wellness, breeders and seed banks are paying close attention to these emerging compounds. With targeted breeding, it’s now possible to emphasize minor cannabinoids in a strain’s profile, offering specific effects beyond the typical THC or CBD expressions. As research advances and consumer awareness grows, these minor cannabinoids are shaping the next generation of cannabis.
At Mosca Seeds, our focus has always been on top-tier genetics that push the industry forward. We offer decades of genetics experience and several Cannabis Cup award-winning strains, with both feminized and autoflowers available.
Mosa Seeds offers premium genetics bred for optimal performance, exceptional flavor, and enhanced cannabinoid expression. We stay ahead of industry trends to ensure cultivators get access to up-and-coming genetics. Check out our Seed Menu and begin your grow with high-quality seeds that promote wellness, diversity, and cannabinoid-rich cultivation.